The 14th Century

The 14^th Century

1300	Edward I invades Scotland.
1302	Anglo-Scots Truce.
1303	Bernard of Gordon: First reference to spectacles.
1305	Edward I standardises the yard and acre.
1306	Robert Bruce crowned King of Scots and is also defeated by the English at Methuen and Dalry. England whips and expels some 100,000 Jews who remain since Edward I expulsion order of 1290.
1307	Edward I dies 7^th July aged 68. Edward II is made King at the age of 23.
1308	Coronation of Edward II. Edward II marries Isabella of France, the 15 year old daughter of Philip IV.
1310	Edward II is forced to appoint Lords Ordainers for the better ruling of England.
1314	The battle of Bannockburn 24^th June. The English are routed by Robert Bruce VIII who takes Stirling Castle from them.
1315	English wheat prices climb to 3 shillings 3 pence per bushel as a short crop combines with export demand inflate price levels.
1316	Edward Bruce crowned King of Ireland.
1318	Edward Bruce killed at the battle of Faughart.
1321	Hugh le Despenser is exiled by parliament.
1322	Edward II recalls Hugh le Despenser from exile and makes war against the Barons. He defeats the Earl of Lancaster at Broughbridge and has him beheaded at Pontefract. Despenser is restored to Earl of Winchester.
1323	David Bruce of Scotland marries Joanna, daughter of Edward II.
1325	Queen Isabella travels to France to arrange the marriage of her 12 year old son,Edward, to 11 year old Philippa of Hainault.
1326	Isabella, wife of Edward II, and her lover Roger Mortimer invade England and capture the King. They also behead Despenser.
1327	Edward II is murdered at Berkley Castle and is succeeded by Edward III.
1328	Invention of the saw mill.
1329	Robert the Bruce dies of leprosy and is succeeded by his 5 year old son David II.
1332	Edward III and Edward de Baliol invade Scotland. Edward installs Baliol as the new King of Scotland and David Bruce flees to France.
1333	Battle of Halidon Hill 19^th July
1337	Edward III claims the French Crown and assumes the title King of France. Beginning of the Hundred Years War
1338	The French burn Portsmouth
1340	England defeat the French off Shrys, 24^th June
1346	England defeats the French at Crecy, 26^{th August. The cannon and the longbow used by the English to full effect. Blind King John of Bohemia killed at Crecy.}
1347	Calais surrenders to Edward III after a long siege.
1348	Edward III founds the Order of the Garter whose motto is "Homi soit quimal y pense" (Shame on he who thinks ill of it.)
1349	Black Death kills a third of the population of England. Scottish army invades England and is stricken with the plague. English landlords offer high wages to field hands.
1350	The Black Death reached Scotland and Wales. Edward III begins to rebuild Windsor Castle. Lute playing is more popular in Europe.
1351	Between 1347 and 1351 approximately 75 million people die of the Black Plague across Europe. Tennis becomes an open air sport
1354	England resumes the Hundred Years War after the Black Death.
1355	Scots defeat English at Nesbit.
1356	The Black Prince defeats the French at Poiters, 19^th September.
1359	Edward III final expedition to France penetrates the walls of Paris but has trouble provisioning their forces.
1360	Treaty of Calais between Edward III and Philip of Burgundy.
1361	Black Death reappears in England.
1363	A leg of roast in London costs the same as a weeks wage.
1666	Parliament refuses to pay feudal fees to the Pope.
1370	The Black Prince sacks Limoges. Steel crossbow used as a weapon of war
1371	Robert II of Scots. English defeat Flemings ay Bourgneuf.
1372	French defeat English, take Poitiers, Angoulene and Rochelle.
1373	Tunnage and poundage imposed on merchants in England.
1376	The Black Prince dies aged 43
1377	Edward III dies 21^st June aged 64. He is succeeded by his grandson Richard II. Playing cards displace Dice.
1381	Anglo-French truce for 6 years.
1384	Anglo-Scots war renewed. Incorporation of fishmongers company London founded
1385	Anglo-French war renewed.
1388	Scots defeat English at the battle of Chevy Chase(Otterburn).
1389	William Wykeham, Lord Chancellor of England. Truce between England, Scotland and France.
1390	Robert II King of Scots dies 13^th May and is succeeded by Robert III of Scots.
1392	Foreigners in England forbidden to retail goods.
1394	Richard II starts on expedition to Ireland to put down rebellion.
1396	Richard II marries Isabella of France at Calais. Anglo-French truce extended to 28 years.
1397	Duke of Gloucester murdered.
1399	Richard II deposed. Henry of Lancaster, son of John of Gaunt, succeeds the throne as Henry IV
1400	Henry IV suppresses rebellion of the Barons. Richard II is murdered. London's population reaches 50,000